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</head><body><div id="loading-box"><div class="loading-left-bg"></div><div class="loading-right-bg"></div><div class="spinner-box"><div class="configure-border-1"><div class="configure-core"></div></div><div class="configure-border-2"><div class="configure-core"></div></div><div class="loading-word">加载中...</div></div></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src= "" data-lazy-src="/blog/img/favicon.png" onerror="onerror=null;src='/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="site-data"><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/blog/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">155</div></a></div></div><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/blog/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">56</div></a></div></div><div class="data-item is-center"><div class="data-item-link"><a href="/blog/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">32</div></a></div></div></div><hr/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 归档</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=1459462488,4026553309&amp;fm=26&amp;fmt=auto&amp;gp=0.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog_name"><a id="site-name" href="/blog/">Albert Yuan's Blog</a></span><div id="menus"><div id="search-button"><a class="site-page social-icon search"><i class="fas fa-search fa-fw"></i><span> 搜索</span></a></div><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分类</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 归档</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/blog/about/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-heart"></i><span> 关于</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">ios Objective-c的多态理解</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2021-08-10T03:45:00.386Z" title="发表于 2021-08-10 11:45:00">2021-08-10</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2021-08-10T06:04:39.462Z" title="更新于 2021-08-10 14:04:39">2021-08-10</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/blog/categories/iOS/">iOS</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/blog/categories/iOS/Objective-c/">Objective-c</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">914</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="ios Objective-c的多态理解"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h3 id="多态基本概念"><a href="#多态基本概念" class="headerlink" title="多态基本概念"></a>多态基本概念</h3><blockquote>
<ol>
<li>多态在代码中的体现，即为多种形态，必须要有继承，没有继承就没有多态。</li>
<li>在使用多态时，会进行动态检测，以调用真实的对象方法。</li>
<li>多态在代码中的体现即父类指针指向子类对象</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="经典实例讲解"><a href="#经典实例讲解" class="headerlink" title="经典实例讲解"></a>经典实例讲解</h3><h5 id="1-、Animal父类"><a href="#1-、Animal父类" class="headerlink" title="1 、Animal父类"></a>1 、Animal父类</h5><p> <strong>Animal.h</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &lt;Foundation/Foundation.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">@interface Animal : NSObject  </span><br><span class="line">- (void) eat;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>Animal.m</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &quot;Animal.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">@implementation Animal  </span><br><span class="line">- (void)eat&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">    NSLog(@&quot;all animals need to eat food&quot;);  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h5 id="2-、cat子类"><a href="#2-、cat子类" class="headerlink" title="2 、cat子类"></a>2 、cat子类</h5><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &lt;Foundation/Foundation.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Animal.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">@interface Cat : Animal  </span><br><span class="line">- (void) eat;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &quot;Cat.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">@implementation Cat  </span><br><span class="line">- (void)eat&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">    NSLog(@&quot;cat need to eat fish&quot;);  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h5 id="3、dog子类"><a href="#3、dog子类" class="headerlink" title="3、dog子类"></a>3、dog子类</h5><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &lt;Foundation/Foundation.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Animal.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">@interface Dog : Animal  </span><br><span class="line">- (void) eat;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &quot;Dog.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">@implementation Dog  </span><br><span class="line">- (void)eat&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">    NSLog(@&quot;dog need to eat bome&quot;);  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h5 id="4、master类"><a href="#4、master类" class="headerlink" title="4、master类"></a>4、master类</h5><blockquote>
<p>我们再定义一个Master类，用来喂养宠物</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &lt;Foundation/Foundation.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Animal.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Cat.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Dog.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">@interface Master : NSObject&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">    NSString *_name;  </span><br><span class="line"> &#125;  </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> //扩展性不高，当我们需要添加一个新的宠物的时候还要定义对应的一个方法  </span><br><span class="line"> //所以这时候就可以使用多态技术了 </span><br><span class="line"> //- (void)feedFoodForCat:(Cat *)cat;  </span><br><span class="line"> //- (void)feedFoodForDog:(Dog *)dog;  </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> - (void)feedFoodForPets:(Animal *)pet;  </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> @end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &quot;Master.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">@implementation Master  </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">/* </span><br><span class="line">   - (void)feedFoodForCat:(Cat *)cat&#123; </span><br><span class="line">      [cat eat]; </span><br><span class="line">   &#125; </span><br><span class="line">   - (void)feedFoodForDog:(Dog *)dog&#123; </span><br><span class="line">      [dog eat]; </span><br><span class="line">   &#125; </span><br><span class="line">*/  </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">- (void)feedFoodForPets:(Animal *)pet&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">   [pet print]; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;  </span><br><span class="line">@end  </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="测试代码"><a href="#测试代码" class="headerlink" title="测试代码"></a>测试代码</h5><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#import &lt;Foundation/Foundation.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Master.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Cat.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line">#import &quot;Dog.h&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">int main(int argc, const charchar * argv[]) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">@autoreleasepool &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">    Master *person =[[Master alloc] init];  </span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">    Cat *cat = [[Cat alloc] init];  </span><br><span class="line">    Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];  </span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">    //多态的定义  </span><br><span class="line">    /* </span><br><span class="line">    Cat *p1 = [[Cat alloc] init]; </span><br><span class="line">    Dog *p2 = [[Dog alloc] init]; </span><br><span class="line">     </span><br><span class="line">    [person feedFoodForPets:p1]; </span><br><span class="line">    [person feedFoodForPets:p2]; </span><br><span class="line">     */  </span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">    //通过控制台输入的命令来控制喂养那只宠物  </span><br><span class="line">    int cmd;  </span><br><span class="line">    do&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        scanf(&quot;%d&quot;,&amp;cmd);  </span><br><span class="line">        if(cmd == 1)&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            [person feedFoodForPets:cat];  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;else if(cmd == 2)&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            [person feedFoodForPets:dog];  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;while (1);  </span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">&#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  return 0;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>​		样例是猫和狗两种宠物的喂食问题。主人Master类中有一个操作喂食的方法，如果不使用多态机制，（即代码中注释部分），就需要给猫和狗分别提供特有的喂食方法声明与实现。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> //- (void)feedFoodForCat:(Cat *)cat;  </span><br><span class="line"> //- (void)feedFoodForDog:(Dog *)dog; </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> /* </span><br><span class="line">   - (void)feedFoodForCat:(Cat *)cat&#123; </span><br><span class="line">      [cat eat]; </span><br><span class="line">   &#125; </span><br><span class="line">   - (void)feedFoodForDog:(Dog *)dog&#123; </span><br><span class="line">      [dog eat]; </span><br><span class="line">   &#125; </span><br><span class="line">*/ </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这种设计是不友好的。为什么呢？因为当master新增宠物时需要新增对应的喂养方法，如果宠物过多，则会导致master类过于臃肿。这个时候，利用多态机制，在Master类中提过一个参数为父类animal类型的喂食接口，在实际调用中将特定的子类实例作为参数传递进来就可以解决问题。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">- (void)feedFoodForPets:(Animal *)pet;  </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">- (void)feedFoodForPets:(Animal *)pet&#123;  </span><br><span class="line">   [pet print]; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;  //父类指针指向子类对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//实际使用</span><br><span class="line">Master *person =[[Master alloc] init];      </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Cat *cat = [[Cat alloc] init]; </span><br><span class="line">Dog *dog = [[Dog alloc] init];  </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">[person feedFoodForPets:cat];  </span><br><span class="line">[person feedFoodForPets:dog];  </span><br><span class="line">//cat、dog表面上是Animal类型，但是实际类型是Animal的子类类型，所以会调用他们自己对应的eat方法</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<hr>
<h4 id="多态总结"><a href="#多态总结" class="headerlink" title="多态总结"></a>多态总结</h4><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>没有继承就没有多态</li>
<li><strong>代码的体现：子类重写父类的方法，父类类型的指针指向子类对象</strong></li>
<li><strong>好处：如果函数方法参数中使用的是父类类型，则可以传入父类和子类对象，而不用再去定义多个函数来和相应的类进行匹配了</strong></li>
<li><strong>局限性：父类类型的变量不能直接调用子类特有的方法，如果必须要调用，则必须强制转换为子类后再调用</strong></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="其他应用场景"><a href="#其他应用场景" class="headerlink" title="其他应用场景"></a>其他应用场景</h4><blockquote>
<ol>
<li>UITableViewCell 的多样式创建</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">Albert Yuan</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://yllove.gitee.io/2021/08/10/iOS/ios-OC%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81/">https://yllove.gitee.io/2021/08/10/iOS/ios-OC%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://yllove.gitee.io" target="_blank">Albert Yuan's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/blog/tags/Objective-c/">Objective-c</a></div><div class="post_share"><div 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href="#%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B%E8%AE%B2%E8%A7%A3"><span class="toc-text">经典实例讲解</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E3%80%81Animal%E7%88%B6%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">1 、Animal父类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E3%80%81cat%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">2 、cat子类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3%E3%80%81dog%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">3、dog子类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#4%E3%80%81master%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">4、master类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-text">测试代码</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-text">多态总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item 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